The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued an urgent update on the 2025 mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreak, reporting a sharp increase in cases across Africa, Europe, and Asia. With new clusters emerging in both endemic and non-endemic regions, health experts emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance, vaccination efforts, and public awareness to prevent further spread.
Current Situation and Geographic Spread
Since the beginning of 2025, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported the highest number of cases, with outbreaks also expanding in Nigeria, Thailand, and several European countries. Unlike previous outbreaks, recent cases show sustained community transmission, particularly in urban areas with dense populations. The WHO is working closely with national health agencies to track infections and implement containment strategies.
How Mpox Spreads: Key Transmission Risks
Mpox primarily spreads through:
- Direct skin-to-skin contact with infected rashes or lesions.
- Respiratory droplets in prolonged face-to-face interactions.
- Contaminated surfaces, such as bedding or clothing.
Recent studies suggest that sexual contact among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains a significant transmission route, mirroring patterns seen in the 2022 outbreak. However, cases are also increasing in women and children, indicating broader community exposure.
Symptoms to Watch For
Early signs of mpox infection include:
- Fever, chills, and muscle aches (flu-like symptoms).
- A distinctive rash progressing to painful, fluid-filled lesions.
- Swollen lymph nodes, a key difference from similar diseases like chickenpox.
Severe cases can lead to secondary infections, scarring, and (in rare instances) life-threatening complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
WHO Recommendations for Prevention
To reduce infection risks, the WHO advises:
- Vaccination for High-Risk Groups – Prioritizing healthcare workers, immunocompromised individuals, and those in outbreak zones.
- Avoiding Close Contact – Isolating if symptomatic and using protective measures (masks, gloves) when caring for infected persons.
- Enhanced Hygiene Practices – Regular handwashing and disinfecting shared surfaces.
- Global Data Sharing – Countries are urged to report cases transparently to facilitate real-time tracking.
What’s Different in the 2025 Outbreak?
Compared to earlier outbreaks, this wave shows:
- Increased human-to-human transmission outside traditional hotspots.
- Milder symptoms in some cases, leading to underreporting.
- Vaccine shortages in low-income countries, exacerbating disparities in protection.
What Should You Do?
- If you develop symptoms, self-isolate and contact a healthcare provider immediately.
- Check travel advisories if visiting affected regions.
- Stay informed through official sources like the WHO Disease Outbreak News.
Why This Matters
Mpox remains a public health threat with pandemic potential if containment lags. Proactive measures—including equitable vaccine distribution and community education—are critical to curbing its spread.
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